MSC MANAGING MAJOR PROJECTS AND PROGRAMMES Personal Statement

MSC MANAGING MAJOR PROJECTS AND Programs - Personal Statement Example need my future to be, I have chosen to apply for admission to Middlesex University - the National Center for Project Management, a notable, set up college in London and to be explicitly part of its MSC Managing Major Projects and Programs course. My choice to have some expertise in this course depended on its nearby connection to my current occupation necessities, existing gained abilities and encounters. I have likewise shown up at this choice considering the ongoing business patterns developing like the across the board of venture the executives base work the world over, the more extensive inclusion of task the executives, the meager layer of accessible undertaking administrators against the taking off interest for them and the issue of a well known distributed universal corporate magazine which appraised â€Å"project management† as the main vocation decision of this thousand years. I have picked Middlesex college among the rest due to what it offers, its school offices, nature of guides and in particular, its great recognized accomplishments like being the principal college in London to be granted four Queen’s Anniversary Prizes in four distinct classifications. It likewise got positive criticism from the Quality Assurance Agency for keeping up all inclusive serious scholastic measures to its understudies. These accomplishments, brought to the consideration of the general population, have drawn more enrolees including myself. It will be my respect and delight to gain proficiency with the required information and abilities with the world‘s most noteworthy tutors and simultaneously trade with and go up against the best understudies on the planet. I am sure that these two elements will furnish me with deep rooted benefits. Just by driving myself into this exceptionally serious scholarly field will I be certain that my extraordinary possibilities can b e evoked into the fullest, and thusly, empower me to additionally build up my fortitude and position to confront difficulties, upgrade my perseverance, and improve my explanatory reasoning. My inspiration for graphing my

The Art Of Writing Powerful Sentences

Regardless of whether youre a fiction author, a columnist or a web content essayist, you need your sentences to catch people groups consideration. What's more, for that, you have to compose ground-breaking sentences that sparkle interest and drive them to keep perusing. In the event that you consider sentences a bit of music which would you rather tune in to: music that lifts and moves you as it traverses the melodic scale or music that rambles on in quieted monotones? You dont must be a characteristic at this. By rehearsing a portion of the counsel to follow, you can shape better sentences that catch the consideration of your perusers. Cut back the excess The dependable guideline recorded as a hard copy amazing sentences is that toning it down would be ideal. Dont immerse your sentences with drawn out expressions. Be immediate and arrive at the point. No one has the opportunity to toil through roundabout composition to get to the creators genuine aims. A few instances of fat-cutting: Because of the way that Sally has a chilly, she didnt come to work. Sally didnt come to work since she has a virus. I avoided my exercise so I could make my girls soccer match. I avoided my exercise to make my little girls soccer match. Lynn is the sort of young lady who likes to take long strolls. Lynn likes to take long strolls. There was essentially no genuine purpose behind Johns excusal. There was no explanation behind Johns excusal. The gas tank out of nowhere detonated. The gas tank detonated. She came within the kitchen and plunked down. She entered the kitchen and plunked down. Move solid words to the start or end The first and final expressions of a sentence are the most important. In the event that your sentences most grounded words are in the center, you can rebuild to bring them either to the start or the end. Ex 1: The tempest caused a major fire and a few electrical deficiencies because of solid breezes. Versus Solid breezes caused a few electrical deficiencies and a major fire. The principal model beginnings with â€Å"The storm† and closes with â€Å"winds† versus the second model that begins with â€Å"Strong winds† and closes with â€Å"fire†. Ex.2 The tiger jumped on the deer and figured out how to tear its jugular. Versus Jumping on the deer, the tiger tore its jugular. By beginning with the word â€Å"pouncing† you get the perusers consideration immediately. Arrive at the point Dont write around and around. Dont attempt to be tricky or slippery or conceal your point in allusion or two sided connotation. No one is going to set aside the effort to unravel your convoluted sentences. Let's assume it plain and clear or dont state it by any means. Ex: Maybe John were attempting to angle for a type of praise about the nature of his report. Versus John was looking for praises about his reports. Strangely, there were basically no youthful ish men at the firemans lone ranger party. Versus There were barely any youngsters at the firemans single guy party. Dont use cushion Indeed, even fiction scholars who are permitted a specific permit to meander aimlessly can succumb to this one. Ensure that your sentences are there on purpose. Is it true that they are pushing the story ahead? Is it accurate to say that they are effectively expressing the idea? A gourmet supper doesnt incorporate filler and great sentences dont incorporate cushion. For instance, in the event that I added this sentence to the above section: Cushion tops off the page yet doesnt bring your peruser any closer to understanding your message. Is it extremely essential? Or on the other hand has this point previously been made by the past sentences? Dispose of uninvolved voice Uninvolved voice doesn't make solid sentences. It hinders the progression of data and sounds cumbersome. Supplant your uninvolved voice with activity action words and see what occurs: The deers jugular was torn by the tiger. The tiger tore the deers jugular. A fire was brought about by the tempests solid breezes. The tempests solid breezes caused a fire. The kid was taken out by the flyball. The flyball took the youngster out. Pick better action words â€Å"To be† and â€Å"To have† are a portion of the main words educated to ESL understudies. Why would that be? Since theyre the most ordinarily utilized action words in the English language. For incredible sentences, you need to manufacture new landscape. Rack â€Å"To be† and â€Å"To have† and adventure into the wide universe of action words. Look at this rundown of activity action words for certain thoughts. Simply be certain not to debilitate them by placing them in uninvolved voice (see above). Make a picture in barely any words OK, so youre not going to utilize cushion, youre not going to utilize detached voice or additional words. It might appear Ive removed every one of your instruments as an author, leaving you with 5 word sentences that sound plain and mechanical. Yet, trust me, theres a superior world sitting tight for you past longwindedness. What's more, you can compose solid sentences with hardly any words. Hemingway was the ace. He guaranteed this was the best sentence he at any point composed: â€Å"Baby shoes: available to be purchased, never worn.† It recounts to a story, makes a picture and brings out feeling and has zero fat to trim. Assemble tension Truly, you need to arrive at the point. No, you dont need your individual sentences to be too unpredictable to even think about understanding. Be that as it may, as you assemble a story, you can utilize great sentences as apparatuses to help manufacture tension. You need your perusers to yearning to comprehend what occurs straightaway. Giving them tension pushes them to the following sentence without an excessive amount of exertion on their part. That is the thing that you need for your composition to be easy to peruse. A sentence like: Jack had put a letter under their entryway for them to discover when they returned home to their condo. †¦can be made increasingly fascinating by including some anticipation: Once inside the condo, they found a letter pushed under the entryway. Be provocative Incite someones outrage or adulation with polemical sentences. Rather than this: Numerous intelligent people will in general be skeptics. Attempt this: In contrast to devotees, numerous savvy people are skeptics. Here you have a without fat sentence that arrives at the point and doesnt shroud a conclusion behind objectivity. Extraordinary sentences take practice. Good karma dealing with yours!

How to Prevent Choppiness in the Essay Text

How to Prevent Choppiness in the Essay Text If you often find yourself guilty of writing too many short sentences, then it might be time to reassess your writing process. Not only are small sentences boring, but they also convey a message that you are incapable of sustaining a rather complex thought. Essay writing, in particular, is one area where choppy writing can be heavily penalized. Basic advice As a general rule of thumb, students are often advised to refer to their favorite story books or novels for writing inspiration. But being inspired is not enough; one must learn about writing hooks and writing hook examples to lure in the reader and follow it up with interesting content that keeps the readers engaged. The first step to mastering the art of writing excellent essays is to study and practice the use of writing punctuations that will allow your thoughts to flow into a piece of paper. How to eliminate choppy writing? Keep a lookout for strings of short declarative sentences that intend to make the readers start and stop frequently. Declarative sentences are those that form a statement. For example, â€Å"I’ll go to the store tomorrow,† â€Å"I told him to wear the gray blazer,† etc. Try and avoid beginning sentences with words such as â€Å"there† or â€Å"it† followed by verbs like â€Å"to be†. For example, â€Å"There are†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , â€Å"There is†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , â€Å"It is†¦Ã¢â‚¬  These are expletive sentences that rob the sentences of its energy before it even gets a chance to get to work. Expletives are often unnecessary words that drag down the sentence and prevent them from flowing into the next. Make use of pronouns which refer to particular people, place, or things to connect sentences to form demonstrative pronouns. Demonstrative pronouns include That, This, Those, or These. Take for example, â€Å"Each night Johnny studied his philosophy textbooks; he recalled those words he had said to his teacher.† This urges the reader to think about the words Johnny had said before that particular sentence. Link words between two sentences in a way each sentence ties to the one preceding it and sentence prior to it. You can always draw up an essay outline, compare facts or concepts, and add embellishment words to imbue details or follow along further to create a logical sequence. Make use of semicolons to link statements that are closely related. Semicolons connect two concepts or facts that are closely related and join the ideas that are in two short sentences. Take for example, â€Å"It rained heavily in the morning; we had our picnic anyway.† Try and connect paragraphs for a smooth transition. Open each paragraph with a linking phrase or words, such as Nevertheless or Thus. Another way to do this would be to repeat one keyword at the end of one paragraph and repeat it once in the next. This would make a direct link, smoothing out the entire section. Connect with a professional writer in 5 simple steps. Start now Please provide as many details about your writingstruggle as possible. Next What's the area of study of your paper? English Business and Entrepreneurship Nursing History African-American Studies Accounting Anthropology Architecture Art, Theatre and Film Biology Business and Entrepreneurship Chemistry Communication Strategies Computer Science Criminology Economics Education English Engineering Environmental Issues Ethics Finance Geography Healthcare History International and Public Relations Law and Legal Issues Linguistics Literature Management Marketing Mathematics Music Nursing Nutrition Other Philosophy Physics Political Science Psychology Religion and Theology Sociology Sport Technology Tourism Next How many pages do you need? Next When is it due? 01 AM 02 AM 03 AM 04 AM 05 AM 06 AM 07 AM 08 AM 09 AM 10 AM 11 AM 12 AM 01 PM 02 PM 03 PM 04 PM 05 PM 06 PM 07 PM 08 PM 09 PM 10 PM 11 PM 12 PM Next What's your e-mail? Next Done! Something to remember Many students prefer writing short sentences because they feel uncomfortable with the idea of using commas and other elements to create longer sentences. Make no mistake; writing a compelling essay conclusion is equally important as the body. It is only then you will master the essay form and realize the real potential of writing.

Analysis Of One Flew Over The Cuckoo s Nest - 1750 Words

Kaitlyn Doll Mrs. J. Hudson ENG4U - 02 May 13th, 2016 Alienation in the Lives of Chief Bromden and Holden Caulfield As one is experiencing a life of alienation and loneliness, they may being to act uncontrollable while rebelling against their surroundings, one loses themselves as they feel different than everyone present. Alienation can force an individual to spiral into an abyss of nothingness, nonetheless if one allows others to reach out and inspire than it is possible to break away from the alienation and loneliness. Chief Bromden from the novel One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, written by Ken Kesey, is an Indian who was institutionalized for insanity and is considered a chronic in the ward as he is â€Å"too far gone† to be healed. Holden Caulfield from The Catcher in the Rye, written by J.D Salinger is a lying, rebellious teenager sent away by his parents to a private school as they are unable to handle Holden’s behaviour. It is evident both experience alienation as their stories progress and actions taken, however the individuals present in their lives motivate chang es in the outcomes of these dynamic characters. Firstly, the prominent motif in One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest is invisibility, Chief Bromden was seen as invisible in his childhood as well as on the ward. Once as a child on the reserve with his family, a group of appraisers trespassed onto the Bromden family land while Bromden was outside completing daily chores, the group proceeded to insultShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of One Flew Over The Cuckoo s Nest1179 Words   |  5 PagesOne Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest Essay: Power Dynamics In The Cuckoo’s Nest â€Å"She aint honest †¦ She likes a rigged game† (Forman One Flew Over The Cuckoo’s Nest Film). Power can be used as a source of evil or heroism. It has the capacity to control and manipulate people. However, it also has the capability to champion freedom and rights for others. In the novel One Flew Over The Cuckoo’s Nest, Nurse Ratchet’s controlling power came from her ability to emasculate the male patients and maintain a sexlessRead MoreAnalysis Of One Flew Over The Cuckoo s Nest 1038 Words   |  5 PagesChief Bromden is the main character in One Flew Over The Cuckoo’s Nest. Chief Bromden, also know as â€Å"Chief Broom† is mentally ill in a mental ward. Chief suffers from Schizophrenia, lack of identity, and oppression. Chief Bromden changes throughout the novel by coming out of his fog, becoming aware of his surroundings, and even leaving the mental ward with the help of his friend Mcmurphy. Chief bromden has a large quantity of schizophrenic episodes throughout the book. He suffers fromRead MoreAnalysis Of One Flew Over The Cuckoo s Nest 1734 Words   |  7 PagesAbigail Dempsey HAP 315 October 29, 14 Shaw-Sutherland One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest In this book written by Ken Kesey, the main character is a man named R.P. McMurphy who tricks people into thinking that he is a psychopath. To McMurphy, the asylum is a get out of jail free card, which quickly turns out to be something else entirely. However, one vital aspect of this book is the way in which it addresses and provides insight upon several contemporary issues relating to the American healthcareRead MoreAnalysis Of One Flew Over The Cuckoo s Nest970 Words   |  4 Pages Major Assignment #2 Psychological Disorders The Movies Movie Title: One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest PSY 2100 Introductory Psychology Student Name: Caijuan Xu Student No. 040785683 Algonquin College 2015.11.19 â€Å"One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest† is a famous USA movie at November 19, 1975. This movie talks about when Randle Patrick McMurphy was transferred from prison farm to a mental institution, a group people who were diagnosed with mental illness lived here. McMurphy was dynamicRead MoreAnalysis Of One Flew Over The Cuckoo s Nest 1306 Words   |  6 PagesBenjamin Wiki - Conformity Intro â€Å"Conformity is behaviour in accordance with socially accepted conventions.† - One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest The novel is set in the 1960’s inside a mental institution told by a patient, Big Chief Bromden and can be seen as a miniature mirror of society. The wards society is presented as a machine, called the Combine, that makes everyone conform to its strict rules and timetables. All individuality is taken away from the patients, and the happy feelings areRead MoreAnalysis Of One Flew Over The Cuckoo s Nest 943 Words   |  4 PagesThe Subversion of Gender Roles in One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest In today s society, as well as in the past, men are typically placed in a position of power over women. Although gender equality is increasing, a more patriarchal society is considered to be the norm. However, in certain situations the gender roles that are played by men and women are reversed, and women hold most, if not all of the power. Such as in Ken Kesey s novel One Flew Over the Cuckoo s Nest, in this instance the ward is aRead MoreAnalysis Of One Flew Over The Cuckoo s Nest 845 Words   |  4 PagesOne Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest is about a mental ward, its patients, and the head nurse, Nurse Ratched, a sadistic woman who overpowers her patients by making them feel small, incompetent, and incapable of belonging to society in a normal manner. Two of the patients, Billy Bibbit, a shy and fearful man with a bad stutter, and R. P. McMurphy, a very smart and outspoken man, each play a big part in the movie. They are both examples of wrongful treatment within the instituti on. In the end, Billy commitsRead MoreAnalysis Of One Flew Over The Cuckoo s Nest 2935 Words   |  12 PagesKesey highlights two distinctions between the roles of women in his novel ‘One Flew Over The Cuckoo’s Nest’. He places women in two categories, the ‘Ballcutters’ and ‘Whores’ . The ‘Ballcutters’ are presented to have a dominant role over the men within the ‘Combine’ and challenges their masculinity, resulting in them being personified as machines. This is demonstrated when Bromden describes the ‘tip of each finger the same colour as her lips. Funny orange. Like the tip of a soldering iron’ of NurseRead MoreAnalysis Of One Flew Over The Cuckoo s Nest 3755 Words   |  16 Pagestheir gender, suggesting the two are intrinsically linked. In ‘One Flew Over The Cuckoo’s Nest’, the patients in the asylum are emasculated by the presence of a powerful woman who controls their fate. These men are not celebrated for their madness as they would have been during the renaissance (Foucault) but rather they are dominated by the â€Å"ball breaker’’ Nurse Ratched. Hence gender and identity in Kesey’s ‘One Flew Over The Cuckoo’s Nest’ is the premise for conflict within the asylum and the eventualRead MoreAnalysis Of One Flew Over The Cuckoo s Nest 2178 Words   |  9 PagesAlex Farkas Mr. Kendrick AP English Literature June 10, 2017 The Theme of Power in One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s nest In Ken Kesey’s â€Å"One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest†, he uses the concept of power as a theme that is laced throughout his novel in many different forms, most of which are abstract and some of which are tangible objeacts. Kesey uses the arrival of McMurphy as the catalyst for all the events that follow. McMurphy’s clash with Nurse Ratched is a classic example of a power struggle with a

Essay on An Opinion on Men Are from Mars, Women Are from...

The Need for Understanding the Differences: An Opinion on Men Are From Mars, Women Are From Venus In order to have a good communication, men and women have to understand and trust one another. In a book Men Are From Mars, Women Are From Venus John Gray shows the differences that men and women have. Also, Gray points out plenty of techniques and ideas that men and women can use to make their relationships much stronger and happier. I argue that John Grays book is very helpful, informative, and insightful because his guidance helped me to understand my girlfriends temperament and differences. Men Are From Mars, Women Are From Venus is a useful book to read and look into. The information which is provided in the book can definitely†¦show more content†¦In Chapter Three, couples will discover different ways to handle stress. Gray states, Men become increasingly focused and withdrawn while women become increasingly overwhelmed and emotionally involved (Gray 29). If men and women do not understand these differences, they will usually have problems in their relationship. Gray provides many strategies and examples which will help readers understand their partners responses to stress. Knowing the motivation about opposite sex can help couples to survive many relationships. However, people seem not to pay attention much to this part of the relationship. Gray explains the motivation pattern in Chapter Four. He states, Men are motivated and empowered when they feel needed......Women are motivated and empowered when they feel cherished (Gray 43). I strongly agree with this statement because my girlfriend and I present the same motivation patterns to each other. I noticed that Valerie usually feels loved when I show care, and respect. On the other hand, when I feel trusted and appreciated with my efforts, I become empowered and fulfilled. Grays methods totally relate to my relationship with Valerie, and his guides are definitely helping me out. Grays book could help many relationships with understanding each others needs, emotions and qualities. Gray is giving lots of advice to both menShow MoreRelatedEssay on Book Review Men Are from Mars; Women Are from Venus1139 Words   |  5 PagesProject Men are from Mars; Women are from Venus – John Gray, Ph.D. The main message in the book, Men are from Mars; Women are from Venus, is that men and women are so different in many ways that they might as well be from different planets. Men and women seem to fail to communicate with each other on how to understand how each other loves and expects to be loved, and that is the reason for relationship and marriage conflict. Men and women communicate in very different ways. Men want to seeRead MoreSusan Tannen s Sex, Lies, And Conversation By Deborah Tannen Essay792 Words   |  4 Pages Men are from Mars, and women are from Venus. A classic analogy describing how men and women are both born on Earth, but display different characteristics in communication. While two individuals start off through physical attraction, the way that a relationship last is through strong communication and the understanding between both people. Deborah Tannen elaborates on the different methods of how each sex communicates, and the issues that arise. Causing relationships to become distressed, dueRead MoreEssay on Gustav Holst1432 Words   |  6 PagesGustav Holst Music derived from astrology is surprisingly rare. The ancient Greek philosophers, whatever their intellectual attitudes towards astrology may have been, were certainly not ignorant of astrological teachings and ideas. It was they, after all who put forward the idea of the Music of the Spheres, the idea that these vast objects twirling around and whirling through space, must have hummed a tone as they went along their courses, much as a ball spun on a string will whistle.Read MoreEssay Summary and Analysis of The Knights Tale2291 Words   |  10 Pageswith him after conquering her kingdom of Amazons. When Theseus returned home victorious, he became aware that there was a company of women clad in black who knelt at the side of the highway, shrieking. The oldest of the women asked Theseus for pity. She told him that she was once the wife of King Cappaneus who was destroyed at Thebes, and that all of the other women with her lost their husbands. Creon, the lord of the town, simply tossed the dead bodies of the soldiers in a single pile and refusedRead MoreEssay about Differences in Communication between Men and Women1185 Words   |  5 PagesIt is a well-known fact that men and women have vastly different styles of nearly everything, communication not excluded. Women tend to be more talkative and emotional whereas men are usually reserved and not quite as open with their emotions. Many differences indeed exist between the spoken language of males and females. What about body language? Nonverbal cues are often difficult to notice and even harder to understand. Some people may not even realize when they are communicating in this senseRead MoreHuman Space Exploration Essay1513 Words   |  7 PagesExploration is Better than Human Space Exploration The space is a marvelous place where it is fated for humans to go and explore, just like how humans explored the new world back in the Medieval age. For the past decades, people have sent up men and women, and machines to the space for the sake of space exploration. Even with this great amount of time, the debate over Robots Vs. Humans for space exploration hasn’t come to a settle yet. With that said, Robot Vs. Human Space Exploration will be discussedRead MoreGender and Identity in Raymond Carvers so Much Water, so Close to Home1088 Words   |  5 PagesMen are from Mars, women are from Venus. Weve all heard the saying, but what does it mean? We are different, that goes without saying. As evidenced in Raymond Carvers So Much Water, So Close to Home, men and women differ on many key issues of morality, perception, and judgment. The two do have something in common, believe it or not, and that is the expectation of the opposite gender to communicate, think, and react in the exa ct way they do. Hence, frustration. Not with themselves, God forbidRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be A Controversial Topic849 Words   |  4 Pagesto respect other people’s opinions, stop judging others so much and focusing on our own actions and their outcomes. Romantic relationships for lesbians and gays are very challenging, as society can be very brutal and cruel sometimes against people who have chosen to love other people who are not from the opposite sex. Every person feels the need to share their lives with someone else and everyone is free to choose their partners. Society should not impose their opinions or even worse putting otherRead MoreTaking a Look at Gender Bias703 Words   |  3 PagesStereotypes, in my opinion are the lazy mans justification for ignorance and bigotry. I understand that to a certain extent we have stereotypes because they are based in some fashion upon something that is common as well as a true observation, but I do not believe each human being is but a collection of stereotypes. Such as African American and poor, Caucasian and privileged, or Gay and fabulous. I hate to see enforced stereotypes. Meaning those situations within everyday communication or interactionRead MoreThe Face Of An Unknown Problem1910 Words   |  8 PagesThe face of an unknown problem creates self-doubt and from that point on, disaster sinks in. Sometimes at a pace that is out of one’s control. A disappointment is the same as a wildly successful outcome, both are learning experiences. Difficulties are opportunities to better things; they are stepping-stones to greater experience, each with different requirements, risks, and consideration. It’s a lot to get right! There are three different types of problems: simple, complicated, and complex. A simple

The Subterraneans Analysis free essay sample

In Terms of a Beatniks Words Jazz poetry can be defined as poetry that demonstrates jazz-like rhythm or the feel of improvisation. As members of the Beat generation began to embrace aspects of African-American culture, the art of Jazz poetry shifted its focus from racial pride and Individuality to Impulsiveness, spontaneity, and freedom, which are all themes In The Subterranean written by Jack Kerouac.In this case, both jazz poetry and jazz music were seen as influential statements against the status quo, which encompass he cultural phenomenon that is beatnik culture. After reading Jack Kerouac The Subterranean, which can be described as a memoir, yet also as a poetic novel, Illustrates Jazz poetry to the highest degree. Every page Is so poetic, where sentences seem more like lyrics that flow madly and encompass the spirit of Jazz. Kerouac stream of consciousness style is ideal for narrating a problematic, tangled, thorny love affair with a woman he cant pull himself together enough to keep, but nonetheless mourned enough to write a book about. This tale documents their zealous relationship that takes place in San Francisco during the sasss. The position of Jazz and jazz culture is central to the novel, tying together the themes of Kerouac writing as well as the spontaneous prose style In which he composed most of his works.Throughout The Subterranean, Leo Perceived, the narrator, presents himself as a philandering fool, who happens to fall in love by way of jealousy with an African American named Maraud Fox. The book focuses on their strained relationship and lifestyle which is muddled mix of art, partying, drugs, and music. The relationship from the start Immediately seems destined for failure and It Is Kerouac frenetic and settles pursuit of new sensation and experience in life that is impeccably translated into his writing.When the word Jazz comes to mind I instinctively hear the up-tempo, bebop, disorderly tunes that flow unhinged with no break or pattern. Kerouac tells this love story in a sort of maddened free flowing style with lack of punctuation that flows to a jazz like beat. Although jazz music typically does not have words, I feel as if Kerouac writing in this book would be perfect lyrics for any song of its kind. He writes with such emotion, truth, and rhythm that I could hear these words being reformed by a Jazz musician In a shadowy clandestine Jazz club In any city.In fact, find it to be effortless to read when I think of It In terms of a song. Throughout this novel, as well as any other I have had the pleasure of reading by Kerouac, it is evident that he has such a way with words that he can make any task or thought seem so lyrical. .. . The little white woolly particles from the pillow stuffing in her black almost wiry hair, and her puffed cheeks and little puffed lips, the gloom and dank of Heavenly Lane, I OFF her but crooked ( Kerouac 39) Kerouac is so descriptive in what he writes that it is almost difficult not to paint a picture of what he saw and was thinking at that exact moment in time.I feel as if he is really revealing himself in this novel through the main character. Leo at times seems so self conscious, and his feelings for Maraud seem so palpable, it makes the romance seem all the more twisted and dark. It allows me to imagine Leo sitting there in a shadowy apartment pondering his relationship with Maraud and all his faults. Kerouac uses his fictional self, Leo, to take the reader to where he was at that moment in his life. It allows the reader to take a look at beatnik culture and go to the jazz clubs that were such a place of bliss for Kerouac.The beatnik vernacular might take some time to fully grasp but it makes each page all the more authentic. Its the descriptive and graphic language of that time period that makes The Subterranean a beatnik classic. .. . The great tumescent turbulent turmoil alliterative as a hammer on the brain bone bag and balls, bang Im sorry I was ever born ( Kerouac 96-97) The fact that Kerouac wrote such a vivid novel that evokes language which causes me to be tongue tied in every sense bewilders me. Its not Just the love story and culture that the book centers on, I think that its the words as well.Although the whole novel was written in three days I feel as if each page could have taken three days or more to write. While it lacks punctuation and its very free-flowing the words in The Subterranean evoke so much sensation and sound I am not only reading, I am listening. Not only is The Subterranean sort of a love story, it might be the truest love story I have ever read. I would never presume Kerouac would write the typical boy meets girl, boy chases girl, boy gets girl and they fall in love type of story, but breathless he writes a factual account of what people really endure during a relationship.Leo meets Maraud, is infatuated with her, and thus starts the relationship. Their romance is filled with drama due to his Jealousy and insecurities, as well as the personal issues she has herself. The life style they lead consists of culture that might not be the most suitable grounds to establish a budding relationship. Leo and Maraud make immense assertions and promises in the great rush of a new relationship, and then fail each other until the magic that once was gradually diminishes. There is no final scene where Leo shows up with flowers in hand proclaiming to be a changed man while promising a new and satisfying life. It ends with the sorrow and realization that love will come, and love will go. And I go home having lost her love. And now write this book. .. ( Kerouac 111) Although the final words are heartrending and callous, they are appropriate for a story such as this. This relationship ends like any other, and Kerouac wrote it in a way that is beautiful and completely familiar. Jazz is not the effect of choosing a tune, but perhaps more of an idea or a narrative created in the mind.It is music, but like all animated, but always filled with feeling and tales off life that is entirely lived. I cant say that I am wholly familiar with Jazz music, but from what I have come to understand the creative force behind it is the human experience. Kerouac encompasses the elements of Jazz in his writing to tell a love story that illustrates what he felt, heard, and saw during the sasss beatnik movement. In The Subterranean Jazz not only plays a pivotal in the plot, but also in how Kerouac delivers each word on every page making it the lyrical and melodic novel it is.

Transgenic Rice Plants Essay Example For Students

Transgenic Rice Plants Essay For centuries, rice has been one of the most important staple crops for the world and it now currently feeds more than two billion people, mostly living in developing countries. Rice is the major food source of Japan and China and it enjoys a long history of use in both cultures. In 1994, worldwide rice production peaked at 530 million metric tons. Yet, more than 200 million tons of rice are lost each year to biotic stresses such as disease and insect infestation. This extreme loss of crop is estimated to cost at least several billion dollars per year and heavy losses often leave third world countries desperate for their staple food. We will write a custom essay on Transgenic Rice Plants specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Therefore, measures must be taken to decrease the amount of crop loss and increase yields that could be used to feed the populations of the world. One method to increase rice crop yields is the institution of Transgenic Rice Plants Essay that express insect resistance genes. The two major ways to accomplish insect resistance in rice are the introduction of the potato proteinas e inhibitor II gene or the introduction of the Bacillus thuringiensis toxin gene into the plants genome. Other experimental methods of instituting insect resistance include the use of the arcelin gene, the snowdrop lectin/GNA (galanthus nivallis agglutinin) protein, and phloem specific promoters and finally the SBTI gene. The introduction of the potato proteinase inhibitor II gene, or PINII, marks the first time that useful genes were successfully transferred from a dicotyledonus plant to a monocotyledonous plant. Whenever the plant is wounded by insects, the PINII gene produces a protein that interferes with the insects digestive processes. These protein inhibitors can be detrimental to the growth and development of a wide range of insects that attack rice plants and result in insects eating less of the plant material. Proteinase inhibitors are of particular interest because they are part of the rice plants natural defense system against insects. They are also beneficial because they are inactivated by cooking and therefore pose no environmental or health hazards to the human consumption of PINII treated rice. In order to produce fertile transgenic rice plants, plasmid pTW was used, coupled with the pin 2 promoter and the inserted rice actin intron, act 1. The combination of the pin 2 promoter and act 1 intron has been shown to produce a high level, wound inducible expression of foreign genes in transgenic plants. This was useful for delivering the protein inhibitor to insects which eat plant material. The selectable marker in this trial was the bacterial phosphinothricin acetyl transferase gene (bar) which was linked to the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter. Next the plasmid pTW was injected into cell cultures of Japonica rice using the BiolisticTM particle delivery system. The BiolisticTM system proceeds as follows: Immature embryos and embryonic calli of six rice materials were bombarded with tungsten particles coated with DNA of two plasmids containing the appropriate genes. The plant materials showed high frequency of expression of genes when stained with X-Gluc. The number of blue or transgenic units was approximately 1,000. After one week, the transgenic cells were transferred onto selection medium containing hygromycin B. After two weeks, fresh cell cultures could be seen on bombarded tissue. Some cultures were white and some cultures were blue. Isolated cell cultures were further selected on hygromycin resistance. However, no control plant survived. Then twenty plates of cells were bombarded with the PINII gene, from which over two hundred plants were regenerated and grown in a greenhouse. After their growth, they were tested for PINII gene using DNA blot hybridization and 73% of the plants were found to be transgenic. .u03de362198710225f848f51b7f5240bb , .u03de362198710225f848f51b7f5240bb .postImageUrl , .u03de362198710225f848f51b7f5240bb .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u03de362198710225f848f51b7f5240bb , .u03de362198710225f848f51b7f5240bb:hover , .u03de362198710225f848f51b7f5240bb:visited , .u03de362198710225f848f51b7f5240bb:active { border:0!important; } .u03de362198710225f848f51b7f5240bb .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u03de362198710225f848f51b7f5240bb { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u03de362198710225f848f51b7f5240bb:active , .u03de362198710225f848f51b7f5240bb:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u03de362198710225f848f51b7f5240bb .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u03de362198710225f848f51b7f5240bb .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u03de362198710225f848f51b7f5240bb .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u03de362198710225f848f51b7f5240bb .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u03de362198710225f848f51b7f5240bb:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u03de362198710225f848f51b7f5240bb .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u03de362198710225f848f51b7f5240bb .u03de362198710225f848f51b7f5240bb-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u03de362198710225f848f51b7f5240bb:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Of Mr. Booker T. Washington, the great leader of t Essay DNA blot hybridization is the process by which DNA from each sample was digested by a suitable restriction endonuclease, separated on an aragose gel, transferred to a nylon membrane, and then finally hybridized with the 1.5 kb DNA fragment with pin 2 coding and 3 regions as the probe. The results also indicate that the PINII gene was inherited by offspring of the original transgenic line, that the PINII levels were higher among many of the offspring and that when PINII levels rose in wounded leaves, the PINII levels in unwounded leaves also rose. However, the PINII gene is not 100% effective in eliminating insects because it does not produce an insect toxin, just a proteinase inhibitor. Yet, greater insect resistance can be achiev ed by adding genes to produce the Bacillus thuringiensis or BT toxin. Bacillus thuringiensis is an entomocidal spore-forming soil bacterium that offers a way of controlling stem boring insects. . Transgenic Rice Plants Essay Example For Students Transgenic Rice Plants Essay For centuries, rice has been one of the most important staple crops for the world and it now currently feeds more than two billion people, mostly living in developing countries. Rice is the major food source of Japan and China and it enjoys a long history of use in both cultures. In 1994, worldwide rice production peaked at 530 million metric tons. Yet, more than 200 million tons of rice are lost each year to biotic stresses such as disease and insect infestation. This extreme loss of crop is estimated to cost at least several billion dollars per year and heavy losses often leave third world countries desperate for their staple food. We will write a custom essay on Transgenic Rice Plants specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Therefore, measures must be taken to decrease the amount of crop loss and increase yields that could be used to feed the populations of the world. One method to increase rice crop yields is the institution of Transgenic Rice Plants Essay that express insect resistance genes. The two major ways to accomplish insect resistance in rice are the introduction of the potato proteinas e inhibitor II gene or the introduction of the Bacillus thuringiensis toxin gene into the plants genome. Other experimental methods of instituting insect resistance include the use of the arcelin gene, the snowdrop lectin/GNA (galanthus nivallis agglutinin) protein, and phloem specific promoters and finally the SBTI gene. The introduction of the potato proteinase inhibitor II gene, or PINII, marks the first time that useful genes were successfully transferred from a dicotyledonus plant to a monocotyledonous plant. Whenever the plant is wounded by insects, the PINII gene produces a protein that interferes with the insects digestive processes. These protein inhibitors can be detrimental to the growth and development of a wide range of insects that attack rice plants and result in insects eating less of the plant material. Proteinase inhibitors are of particular interest because they are part of the rice plants natural defense system against insects. They are also beneficial because they are inactivated by cooking and therefore pose no environmental or health hazards to the human consumption of PINII treated rice. In order to produce fertile transgenic rice plants, plasmid pTW was used, coupled with the pin 2 promoter and the inserted rice actin intron, act 1. The combination of the pin 2 promoter and act 1 intron has been shown to produce a high level, wound inducible expression of foreign genes in transgenic plants. This was useful for delivering the protein inhibitor to insects which eat plant material. The selectable marker in this trial was the bacterial phosphinothricin acetyl transferase gene (bar) which was linked to the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter. Next the plasmid pTW was injected into cell cultures of Japonica rice using the BiolisticTM particle delivery system. The BiolisticTM system proceeds as follows: Immature embryos and embryonic calli of six rice materials were bombarded with tungsten particles coated with DNA of two plasmids containing the appropriate genes. The plant materials showed high frequency of expression of genes when stained with X-Gluc. The number of blue or transgenic units was approximately 1,000. After one week, the transgenic cells were transferred onto selection medium containing hygromycin B. After two weeks, fresh cell cultures could be seen on bombarded tissue. Some cultures were white and some cultures were blue. Isolated cell cultures were further selected on hygromycin resistance. However, no control plant survived. Then twenty plates of cells were bombarded with the PINII gene, from which over two hundred plants were regenerated and grown in a greenhouse. After their growth, they were tested for PINII gene using DNA blot hybridization and 73% of the plants were found to be transgenic. .uc0594af38202c61712ea6bd6c5a1714f , .uc0594af38202c61712ea6bd6c5a1714f .postImageUrl , .uc0594af38202c61712ea6bd6c5a1714f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc0594af38202c61712ea6bd6c5a1714f , .uc0594af38202c61712ea6bd6c5a1714f:hover , .uc0594af38202c61712ea6bd6c5a1714f:visited , .uc0594af38202c61712ea6bd6c5a1714f:active { border:0!important; } .uc0594af38202c61712ea6bd6c5a1714f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc0594af38202c61712ea6bd6c5a1714f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc0594af38202c61712ea6bd6c5a1714f:active , .uc0594af38202c61712ea6bd6c5a1714f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc0594af38202c61712ea6bd6c5a1714f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc0594af38202c61712ea6bd6c5a1714f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc0594af38202c61712ea6bd6c5a1714f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc0594af38202c61712ea6bd6c5a1714f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc0594af38202c61712ea6bd6c5a1714f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc0594af38202c61712ea6bd6c5a1714f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc0594af38202c61712ea6bd6c5a1714f .uc0594af38202c61712ea6bd6c5a1714f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc0594af38202c61712ea6bd6c5a1714f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Cloud Operating System Architecture Essay DNA blot hybridization is the process by which DNA from each sample was digested by a suitable restriction endonuclease, separated on an aragose gel, transferred to a nylon membrane, and then finally hybridized with the 1.5 kb DNA fragment with pin 2 coding and 3 regions as the probe. The results also indicate that the PINII gene was inherited by offspring of the original transgenic line, that the PINII levels were higher among many of the offspring and that when PINII levels rose in wounded leaves, the PINII levels in unwounded leaves also rose. However, the PINII gene is not 100% effective in eliminating insects because it does not produce an insect toxin, just a proteinase inhibitor. Yet, greater insect resistance can be achiev ed by adding genes to produce the Bacillus thuringiensis or BT toxin. Bacillus thuringiensis is an entomocidal spore-forming soil bacterium that offers a way of controlling stem boring insects. Stem borers such as the pink and . Transgenic Rice Plants Essay Example For Students Transgenic Rice Plants Essay Word Count: 2463 For centuries, rice has been one of the most important staple crops for the world and it now currently feeds more than two billion people, mostly living in developing countries. Rice is the major food source of Japan and China and it enjoys a long history of use in both cultures. In 1994, worldwide rice production peaked at 530 million metric tons. Yet, more than 200 million tons of rice are lost each year to biotic stresses such as disease and insect infestation. This extreme loss of crop is estimated to cost at least several billion dollars per year and heavy losses often leave third world countries desperate for their staple food. We will write a custom essay on Transgenic Rice Plants specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Therefore, measures must be taken to decrease the amount of crop loss and increase yields that could be used to feed the populations of the world. One method to increase rice crop yields is the institution of that express insect resistance genes. The two major ways to accomplish insect resistance in rice are the introduction of the potato proteinas e inhibitor II gene or the introduction of the Bacillus thuringiensis toxin gene into the plants genome. Other experimental methods of instituting insect resistance include the use of the arcelin gene, the snowdrop lectin/GNA (galanthus nivallis agglutinin) protein, and phloem specific promoters and finally the SBTI gene. The introduction of the potato proteinase inhibitor II gene, or PINII, marks the first time that useful genes were successfully transferred from a dicotyledonus plant to a monocotyledonous plant. Whenever the plant is wounded by insects, the PINII gene produces a protein that interferes with the insects digestive processes. These protein inhibitors can be detrimental to the growth and development of a wide range of insects that attack rice plants and result in insects eating less of the plant material. Proteinase inhibitors are of particular interest because they are part of the rice plants natural defense system against insects. They are also beneficial because they are inactivated by cooking and therefore pose no environmental or health hazards to the human consumption of PINII treated rice. In order to produce fertile transgenic rice plants, plasmid pTW was used, coupled with the pin 2 promoter and the inserted rice actin intron, act 1. The combination of the pin 2 promoter and act 1 intron has been shown to produce a high level, wound inducible expression of foreign genes in transgenic plants. This was useful for delivering the protein inhibitor to insects which eat plant material. The selectable marker in this trial was the bacterial phosphinothricin acetyl transferase gene (bar) which was linked to the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter. Next the plasmid pTW was injected into cell cultures of Japonica rice using the BiolisticTM particle delivery system. The BiolisticTM system proceeds as follows: Immature embryos and embryonic calli of six rice materials were bombarded with tungsten particles coated with DNA of two plasmids containing the appropriate genes. The plant materials showed high frequency of expression of genes when stained with X-Gluc. The number of blue or transgenic units was approximately 1,000. After one week, the transgenic cells were transferred onto selection medium containing hygromycin B. After two weeks, fresh cell cultures could be seen on bombarded tissue. Some cultures were white and some cultures were blue. Isolated cell cultures were further selected on hygromycin resistance. However, no control plant survived. Then twenty plates of cells were bombarded with the PINII gene, from which over two hundred plants were regenerated and grown in a greenhouse. After their growth, they were tested for PINII gene using DNA blot hybridization and 73% of the plants were found to be transgenic. .u19e425f68af4f97a2b45de20b4093a3b , .u19e425f68af4f97a2b45de20b4093a3b .postImageUrl , .u19e425f68af4f97a2b45de20b4093a3b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u19e425f68af4f97a2b45de20b4093a3b , .u19e425f68af4f97a2b45de20b4093a3b:hover , .u19e425f68af4f97a2b45de20b4093a3b:visited , .u19e425f68af4f97a2b45de20b4093a3b:active { border:0!important; } .u19e425f68af4f97a2b45de20b4093a3b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u19e425f68af4f97a2b45de20b4093a3b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u19e425f68af4f97a2b45de20b4093a3b:active , .u19e425f68af4f97a2b45de20b4093a3b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u19e425f68af4f97a2b45de20b4093a3b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u19e425f68af4f97a2b45de20b4093a3b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u19e425f68af4f97a2b45de20b4093a3b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u19e425f68af4f97a2b45de20b4093a3b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u19e425f68af4f97a2b45de20b4093a3b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u19e425f68af4f97a2b45de20b4093a3b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u19e425f68af4f97a2b45de20b4093a3b .u19e425f68af4f97a2b45de20b4093a3b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u19e425f68af4f97a2b45de20b4093a3b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Why Is There Gravity? Essay DNA blot hybridization is the process by which DNA from each sample was digested by a suitable restriction endonuclease, separated on an aragose gel, transferred to a nylon membrane, and then finally hybridized with the 1.5 kb DNA fragment with pin 2 coding and 3 regions as the probe. The results also indicate that the PINII gene was inherited by offspring of the original transgenic line, that the PINII levels were higher among many of the offspring and that when PINII levels rose in wounded leaves, the PINII levels in unwounded leaves also rose. However, the PINII gene is not 100% effective in eliminating insects because it does not produce an insect toxin, just a proteinase inhibitor. Yet, greater insect resistance can be achiev ed by adding genes to produce the Bacillus thuringiensis or BT toxin. Bacillus thuringiensis is an entomocidal spore-forming soil bacterium that offers a way of controlling stem boring insects. . Transgenic Rice Plants Essay Example For Students Transgenic Rice Plants Essay For centuries, rice has been one of the most important staple crops for the world and it now currently feeds more than two billion people, mostly living in developing countries. Rice is the major food source of Japan and China and it enjoys a long history of use in both cultures. In 1994, worldwide rice production peaked at 530 million metric tons. Yet, more than 200 million tons of rice are lost each year to biotic stresses such as disease and insect infestation. This extreme loss of crop is estimated to cost at least several billion dollars per year and heavy losses often leave third world countries desperate for their staple food. We will write a custom essay on Transgenic Rice Plants specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Therefore, measures must be taken to decrease the amount of crop loss and increase yields that could be used to feed the populations of the world. One method to increase rice crop yields is the institution of Transgenic Rice Plants Essay that express insect resistance genes. The two major ways to accomplish insect resistance in rice are the introduction of the potato proteinas e inhibitor II gene or the introduction of the Bacillus thuringiensis toxin gene into the plants genome. Other experimental methods of instituting insect resistance include the use of the arcelin gene, the snowdrop lectin/GNA (galanthus nivallis agglutinin) protein, and phloem specific promoters and finally the SBTI gene. The introduction of the potato proteinase inhibitor II gene, or PINII, marks the first time that useful genes were successfully transferred from a dicotyledonus plant to a monocotyledonous plant. Whenever the plant is wounded by insects, the PINII gene produces a protein that interferes with the insects digestive processes. These protein inhibitors can be detrimental to the growth and development of a wide range of insects that attack rice plants and result in insects eating less of the plant material. Proteinase inhibitors are of particular interest because they are part of the rice plants natural defense system against insects. They are also beneficial because they are inactivated by cooking and therefore pose no environmental or health hazards to the human consumption of PINII treated rice. In order to produce fertile transgenic rice plants, plasmid pTW was used, coupled with the pin 2 promoter and the inserted rice actin intron, act 1. The combination of the pin 2 promoter and act 1 intron has been shown to produce a high level, wound inducible expression of foreign genes in transgenic plants. This was useful for delivering the protein inhibitor to insects which eat plant material. The selectable marker in this trial was the bacterial phosphinothricin acetyl transferase gene (bar) which was linked to the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter. Next the plasmid pTW was injected into cell cultures of Japonica rice using the BiolisticTM particle delivery system. The BiolisticTM system proceeds as follows: Immature embryos and embryonic calli of six rice materials were bombarded with tungsten particles coated with DNA of two plasmids containing the appropriate genes. The plant materials showed high frequency of expression of genes when stained with X-Gluc. The number of blue or transgenic units was approximately 1,000. After one week, the transgenic cells were transferred onto selection medium containing hygromycin B. After two weeks, fresh cell cultures could be seen on bombarded tissue. Some cultures were white and some cultures were blue. Isolated cell cultures were further selected on hygromycin resistance. However, no control plant survived. Then twenty plates of cells were bombarded with the PINII gene, from which over two hundred plants were regenerated and grown in a greenhouse. After their growth, they were tested for PINII gene using DNA blot hybridization and 73% of the plants were found to be transgenic. .u5510131b63442f961d248b654ab0afd5 , .u5510131b63442f961d248b654ab0afd5 .postImageUrl , .u5510131b63442f961d248b654ab0afd5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5510131b63442f961d248b654ab0afd5 , .u5510131b63442f961d248b654ab0afd5:hover , .u5510131b63442f961d248b654ab0afd5:visited , .u5510131b63442f961d248b654ab0afd5:active { border:0!important; } .u5510131b63442f961d248b654ab0afd5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5510131b63442f961d248b654ab0afd5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5510131b63442f961d248b654ab0afd5:active , .u5510131b63442f961d248b654ab0afd5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5510131b63442f961d248b654ab0afd5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5510131b63442f961d248b654ab0afd5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5510131b63442f961d248b654ab0afd5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5510131b63442f961d248b654ab0afd5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5510131b63442f961d248b654ab0afd5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5510131b63442f961d248b654ab0afd5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5510131b63442f961d248b654ab0afd5 .u5510131b63442f961d248b654ab0afd5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5510131b63442f961d248b654ab0afd5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Brave New World \ 1984 Essay DNA blot hybridization is the process by which DNA from each sample was digested by a suitable restriction endonuclease, separated on an aragose gel, transferred to a nylon membrane, and then finally hybridized with the 1.5 kb DNA fragment with pin 2 coding and 3 regions as the probe. The results also indicate that the PINII gene was inherited by offspring of the original transgenic line, that the PINII levels were higher among many of the offspring and that when PINII levels rose in wounded leaves, the PINII levels in unwounded leaves also rose. However, the PINII gene is not 100% effective in eliminating insects because it does not produce an insect toxin, just a proteinase inhibitor. Yet, greater insect resistance can be achiev ed by adding genes to produce the Bacillus thuringiensis or BT toxin. Bacillus thuringiensis is an entomocidal spore-forming soil bacterium that offers a way of controlling stem boring insects. .

A Historical Aspect of Ageism Essay Example

A Historical Aspect of Ageism Essay Example A Historical Aspect of Ageism Essay A Historical Aspect of Ageism Essay Identify 2 or 3 issues faced by the aging population. 1 Older adults experience unequal treatment, discrimination and prejudice in the workplace 2 Not growing old is not an option 3 Health problems Answer the following questions in 100 to 200 words each. Provide citations for all the sources you use. ?What is ageism? How does ageism influence the presence of diversity in society? Ageism is the [prejudice and discrimination against the elderly. Ageism reflects a deep uneasiness among young and middle-aged people about growing old. For many, old age symbolizes disease and death; seeing older adults serves as a reminder that they too may  someday become old and infirm. By contrast, society glorifies youth, seeing it as interchangeable with beauty and the future] (Schaefer, 2012). Ageism restricts the acceptance of the elderly by discriminating against them. The elderly are often referred to as â€Å"them† when most of us will one day be in that category. AGING AND DISABILITY WORKSHEET 3 ?What is the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)? How does the ADA address issues for the aging population? The Americans with Disabilities Act was an anti-discrimination law that started in 1992, covering people with a disability, defined as a condition that â€Å"substantially limits† a â€Å"major life  activity† such as walking or seeing. It prohibits bias in employment, transportation, public accommodations, and telecommunication against people with disabilities. Businesses with more than 15 employees cannot refuse to hire a qualified applicant with a disability; these companies are expected to make a â€Å"reasonable accommodation† to permit such a worker to do the job. Commercial establishments such as office buildings, hotels, theaters, supermarkets, and dry cleaners are barred from denying service to people with disabilities (Schaefer, 2012). One of the  ways that the ADA addresses issues for the aging population is that it established requirements for businesses of all sizes (ADA, 2014). ?What is being done to address the issues you identified? [Many older adults with diminished heart and lung functions and reduced mobility will have placards or license plates for accessible parking. When parking is near the main door of the facility, these patrons have strength left after entering your business to shop, enjoy entertainment, or eat heartily. Clear, wide paths without stairs to the establishment’s entrance and throughout the  business leave room for canes and walkers and accommodate people with reduced mobility and stamina. Minimum-weight doors with accessible hardware are easily opened by people who have arthritis or use a cane for extra balance. For heavier doors, automatic and power-assisted openers are helpful to everyone. Entrances and aisles with adequate head clearance and minimal AGING AND DISABILITY WORKSHEET 4 projections into the path of travel result in easier navigation for people with lessened visual acuity or those who may be disoriented by clutter] (ADA, 2014) ?Is the number of aging population expected to rise in numbers or decrease? [The growth of the elderly population is projected to be over twenty one percent (21%) by 2050. An increasing proportion of the population will be composed of older people. This trend is expected to continue well through the twenty-first century as mortality declines and the postwar baby boomers age. Looking over a period of a century, we see the proportion over age 65 increases from less than one in 10 in 1960 to almost one in four by 2050] (Schaefer, 2012). ?What types of legislation may or may not be affected by the aging population? There are many issues facing the elderly today any many could involve legislation  affecting things as Social Security and Medicare healthcare benefits. The development and workings of groups aimed at protecting not only the threatened benefits of Social Security, Medicare, and other healthcare, but also other considerations for the elderly lifestyle are on the rise and proving to be helpful to our aging society as our Baby Boomers approach retirement age. ?How does poverty affect the aging population? Poverty among the elderly is seen as much less today as it was in the past. This can be attributed to pension plans and higher paying jobs that the people worked at. Although the rate of  poverty is declining in the elderly, poverty is still an issue. One major cause is the rising cost of AGING AND DISABILITY WORKSHEET 5 long term healthcare and medicines. With the increased life expectancy rates, this only compounds the problem as people are living longer. Part II Answer the following questions in 100 to 200 words each. Provide citations for all the sources you use. ?What does the ADA provide for people with disabilities? The ADA prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability in employment, State and local government, public accommodations, commercial facilities, transportation, and  telecommunications. It also applies to the United States Congress. To be protected by the ADA, one must have a disability or have a relationship or association with an individual with a disability. An individual with a disability is defined by the ADA as a person who has a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities, a person who has a history or record of such an impairment, or a person who is perceived by others as having such an impairment. The ADA does not specifically name all of the impairments that are covered (US Department of Justice, April 9, 2012). ?How have people with disabilities been treated in the past? Lukoff and Cohen (1972) note that some communities banished or Ill-treated the blind while others accorded them special privileges. In a comparison of the status of persons with disabilities in a number of non-occidental societies, Hanks and Hanks (1948) found wide differences. Persons with disabilities were completely rejected by some cultures, in others they were outcasts, while in some they were treated as economic liabilities and grudgingly kept alive AGING AND DISABILITY WORKSHEET 6 by their families. In other settings, persons with disabilities were tolerated and treated in  incidental ways, while in other cultures they were given respected status and allowed to participate to the fullest extent of their capability (Disability Studies Quarterly, 2014). ? How has the attitude toward people with disabilities changed over time? A Lou Harris poll conducted in 1991 was revealing and positive. For example, 98% of individuals questioned believe that all people, regardless of one’s ability, should have an opportunity to participate in mainstream society. Furthermore, there was a strong sentiment toward increased employment of persons with disabilities; 92% polled believed that employment  of persons with disabilities would be economically beneficial to society. There is a strong trend toward acceptance. These attitudes are in sharp contrast to the prevailing attitudes of the first half of this century. (University of Florida College of Dentistry, 2014) ?What are some unique circumstances or issues encountered by people with disabilities? There are numerous circumstances or issues encountered by people with disabilities daily. The task of accomplishing simple tasks can sometimes seem insurmountable. Those with physical disabilities must often times depend on the help of others to get along daily, let alone  pursue a meaningful life. Public transportation can be difficult; sidewalks are not always wheelchair friendly, doorways are sometimes not wide enough, print can be too small to read on menus. AGING AND DISABILITY WORKSHEET 7 ?What is being done to address those issues? Businesses that serve the public must modify policies and practices that discriminate against people with disabilities; comply with accessible design standards when constructing or altering facilities; remove barriers in existing facilities where readily achievable; and provide auxiliary aids and services when needed to ensure effective communication with people who  have hearing, vision, or speech impairments. All businesses, even those that do not serve the public, must comply with accessible design standards when constructing or altering facilities (ADA, 2014) ? What types of legislation have been introduced to address issues faced by people with disabilities? Following the original Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA), including changes made by the ADA Amendments Act of 2008 (P. L. 110-325), which became effective on January 1, 2009. The ADA was originally enacted in public law format and later rearranged and published in the United States Code. The United States Code is divided into titles and chapters that classify laws according to their subject matter. Titles I, II, III, and V of the original law are codified in Title 42, chapter 126, of the United States Code beginning at section 12101. Title IV of the original law is codified in Title 47, chapter 5, of the United States Code. (ADA. gov, 2008) AGING AND DISABILITY WORKSHEET 8 References ADA. (2014). ADA Business Connection. Retrieved from ada. gov/business. htm ADA. gov. (2008). Americans With Disablities Act of 1990 As Amended. Retrieved from ada. gov/pubs/adastatute08. pdf Disability Studies Quarterly. (2014). Past and Present Perceptions Towards Disability: A Historical Perspective. Retrieved from sds. org/article/view/3197/3068 Schaefer, R. T. (2012). Racial and Ethnic Groups (13th ed. ). Bergen County, NJ: Merrill Prentice Hall. US Department of Justice. (April 9,2012). A Guide To Disability Rights Laws. Retrieved from ada. gov/cguide. htm University of Florida College of Dentristy. (2014). Societys Attitude Towards People with Disabilities. Retrieved from http://paul-burtner. dental. ufl. edu/oral-health-care-for- persons-with-disabilities/societys-attitude-towards-people-with-disabilities/

Appraisal Theory The Effects On Skin Psychology Essay

Appraisal Theory The Effects On Skin Psychology Essay This report aims to replicate a classic finding in biopsychology research which proposed, that increases in task difficulty lead to increases in arousal. As well as to present any individual differences that angle off from this, that possibly could be accounted by the appraisal theory. One hundred and two individuals took part in a task called Speedy Pizzas where they had to deliver successfully a vast quantity of pizzas as the level of difficulty increased. The individuals were represented with a total of 5 levels of difficulty, beginning from level 1 (10 pizzas per minute) to level 5 (50 pizzas per minute). This experiment used a repeated measures design where each individual participated at both levels of task difficulty. The outcome showed that there was a significant increase in GSR as task engagement got more challenging. Although, that the overall GSR test showed increase, individual differences might suggest otherwise. Introduction To begin with, this paper will first examin e some relevant background on the former literature on a classic biopsychology discoveries based on task performance and its association with increase in skin conductance in an attempt to replicate its findings. Afterwards, it will address some individual variations that might have a crucial role in that correlation. A number of researchers over the years have shown that task attainment of individuals is closely knit together with increase in skin conductance. For instance, Kahneman, Trusky et al. (1969 cited in Pecchinenda and Smith 1996) experiment, showed the relationship between skin resistance levels and mental arithmetic task at three layers of difficulty and encountered that skin resistance decreased as difficulty of each level increased. Nonetheless, this connection between them is often distinct, there are cases that the individuals disengage from the task by resigning which is shown in the form of decreasing responses in the GSR levels whilst the task engagement becomes pa rticularly difficult. This occurrence can be placed under the theory of the appraisal model proposed by Smith and Lazarus (1993 cited in Pecchinenda and Smith 1996) that suggested that the amount of each individual’s focusing resources is established by their appraisal of task-solving coping potential. The above theory has been adapted in various studies, one of them was measuring accomplishment in a demanding mental task. (Pecchinenda and Smith 1996) Pecchinenda and Smith’s study wanted to demonstrate the direct association between a cognitive task engagement and the appraisal of each individuals coping potential. Thus, subjects were presented by series of anagrams, that they were called to solve, in various circumstances whilst their GSR was continuously observed. The level of difficulty diverse between each anagram by either having an easy, moderately difficult and extremely difficult anagram as well as the amount of time available that participants had to solve it changed between 30 sec and 120 sec. Results showed that participants coping potential varied between them, since the perception that each subject experienced the situation was different. Paradigm, when an individual appraised their task-solving ability with having a high coping potential approached the task with the attempt to achieve their goal and successfully complete the task. On the contrary, people who appraised the situation as overwhelming and the â€Å"task as virtually impossible† (Pecchinenda and Smith, page 486) had low coping potential and therefore disengaged from the task. Hence, apposite to the skin conductance activity there was a general increase in the GSR levels when the task-solving trials were aligned with the participants’ engagement in the trials. However, this increase dropped dramatically when the anagrams level of difficulty was extremely demanding as a result of the paltry levels of task engagement. An interesting feature about this study th at shouldn’t be obscured was that the correlation between skin conductance activity and task engagement is not absolute. There are other aspects that might intrude and mislead this association. As in that the correlation between GSR and other components such as stress, perception of the circumstance, negative feelings etc resulted as having an impact on the GSR, Nikula (1991 cited in Pecchinenda and Smith 1996). Another related experiment was conducted by Bohlin (1976). Bohlin’s study manipulated the levels of arousal by having participants to response after a number of trials whilst they were in physiological habituation state. She divided the subjects into three groups, the first group were told to relax when listening to a tone, the second one were given arithmetic tasks to solve and the third one a threat of shock was added to the task performance. Results showed that the Shock-threat group had the highest mean in conductance level and the Relax group had the lowes t mean in GSR. Thus, this produces some evidence showing how  increases in task difficulty result in various increases in physiological arousal.

Legal and Ethical Actions of NovaGold Resources Inc Term Paper

Legal and Ethical Actions of NovaGold Resources Inc - Term Paper Example Similar class action lawsuits were also filed in the Supreme Court of British Columbia and in the Ontario Superior Court of justice in Canada. The $28.0 million settlement was covered by insurance companies and the company did not have to payout from own resources under the terms and conditions. (Marketwire 2011) NovaGold commenced environmental studies in 1996, which consisted of Meteorology, wetlands delineation related to mineral resource estimates, aquatic studies in the main drainages, water quality studies, and some waste rock characterization. This was further expanded to terrestrial wildlife and avian surveys, detailed aquatic studies, ambient air monitoring and cultural site surveys. NovaGold is equipped fully to overcome any challenges, even though it may require more time and with the progress of work, it will start showing in the share price. NovaGold clearly understands its community responsibilities and following all environmental norms would work to get all necessary p ermits to make the project most successful and only one of its kind in the world. (Safehaven 2010) Stocks of NovaGold are traded on NASDAQ, AMEX, and New York Stock Exchange. Revenue and Income From the latest results available for the year ended Nov 30, 2010, of NovaGold Resources Inc., it is seen that revenue has fallen to C$0.6M. Surprisingly, cost of goods sold has not gone down proportionately and it has remained at C$46.3M. Losses have gone up to the tune of C$-203.5M. (NovaGold Financials 2010) Basic Financial Ratios & Industrial Comparison Return on Assets: Net Income/ Total Assets stands negative at -5.17%, on industrial comparison it stands as the 60-80th percentile. A. Return on Capital: Given as after-tax operating income by the book value of invested capital and that comes to -5.55%, on industrial comparison it stands as the 60-80th percentile. B. Return on Equity: Net Income/Shareholder's Equity stands at -34.48%, on industrial comparison it stands as the 40-60th perce ntile. Credit Ratios: A. Current Ratio: given by Current Assets/Current Liabilities stands at 5.3 times; on the industrial comparison, it stands as the 60-80th percentile. B. Quick Ratio: given as Current Assets-Inventory/Current Liabilities stands at 5.1 times; on the industrial comparison, it stands as the 60-80th percentile. Margin Ratios: A. Gross Margin: given as Revenue-Cost of goods sold/Revenue that stands at -7631.22%, on industrial comparison it stands as the 0-20th percentile. B. EBITDA Margin: -9295.16%, on industrial comparison it stands as the 0-20th percentile. Debt-Equity Ratio: Total Debt/ Total Equity stands at 20.5, on industrial comparison it stands as the 60-80th percentile. Total Liabilities/Total Assets: 23.8, on industrial comparison it stands as the 60-80th percentile. (NovaGold Resources) Sales Forecast: NovaGold is a company doing exploration activities in the field of precious metals and necessary development of mineral properties in Alaska, Canada, Briti sh Columbia and the United States. The Company spearheads its operations through wholly owned subsidiaries, partnerships, and joint ventures.

Narrative of the life of Olaudah Equiano Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Narrative of the life of Olaudah Equiano - Essay Example It was one of the earliest first-hand accounts of slavery, documenting the experiences of an immigrant to England and the tortures he suffers as a slave to white men. The identity that Equiano adopts in his work is that of a native of Essaka, a village near the river Niger that is located in modern day Nigeria. In the village, his father occupies a respectable position as an elder in the village. But Equiano is sold off to slave traders at the tender young age of ten and a half years. This is the first indictment against slavery, because in narrating his experiences in being exchanged among various owners, Equiano is also able to highlight the bitter travesty that had denied him his heritage as the son of a respectable village elder, stripping him of the respect that could potentially have been his, in exchange for an oppressive existence. Throughout his book, Equiano narrates several incidents to demonstrate how demeaning and oppressive the practice of slavery was. One of these was his arrival in Virginia where he was purchased by a Navy lieutenant named Pascal. One of the first things Pascal did upon buying Equiano was to change his name to Gustavus Vassa. Equiano resisted this name change and boldly demanded another name that he liked. But his master forced him to accept the name he had chosen by beating and shackling him until he agreed to do so. The name Gustavus Vassa was an uncommon choice and was not a name that Equiano particularly liked. Simon has offered the view that one of the reasons propelling Pascal to the choice of such a Latinized name could have been that the lieutenant had served on a ship with that name and therefore experienced a sentimental attachment to it (Schama, 161-162).

The Dollmaker by Harriette Arnow Essay -- Dollmaker Harriette Arnow

The Dollmaker by Harriette Arnow The Dollmaker by Harriette Arnow is the story of one woman whose genius is undermined by those surrounding her. Gertie Nevels, a tall, big-boned woman raised in the Appalacian region of Kentucky is creative, self-sufficient, strong, and resourceful. In her native home, Gertie creates for herself an atmosphere where she is able to survive any situation and has everything under control. As Wilton Eckley states in â€Å"From Kentucky to Detroitâ€Å", a chapter in his novel, Harriette Arnow, â€Å"Certainly while the family is living in Kentucky, she [Gertie] is self-sufficient and has no fear that she will be unable to get along if Clovis is called to join all the other younger men of the community in the service† (87). In fact, she is able to make her dream of moving into a larger farm and expand her comforts and resources, along with providing better for her family without the help of her husband; however, when she is forced to move to Detroit, she is out of her element. Throughout her life, she has molded herself to be able to do any task that is stereotypical of males or females. Even though initially she finds it hard to live the â€Å"city life† that is typical of Detroit, she is able to adapt her mind to be able to tolerate- and eventually accept- her new surroundings. Although Gertie Nevels shows obvious genius, because of her geographic disposition and gender, she is unable to use her abilities to the fullest extent. Harriette Arnow uses the first scene in her novel to exemplify Gertie’s strength, intellectual capacity, practical usage of skills and courage; furthermore, she portrays (within the reaction of the soldiers) the reaction that outsiders usually have to her. Because of her dialect a... ...er needs the block of wood to feel as if she can connect to God. Harriette Arnow, in her â€Å"Letter from a Writerâ€Å", states that â€Å"Gertie split her wood because she didn’t need it anymore; it was not an act of despair.† Moreover, â€Å"It hurt and was a sacrifice in a sense made for all the things she hated† (25). Furthermore, she comments that Gertie â€Å"split the block of wood, knowing the things she had wanted in the face were about her in the world.† Works Cited Arnow, Harriette. The Dollmaker. New York: Avon, 1972. ... â€Å"Letter from a Writer.† Now and Then 5 (Fall 1988): 24-25. Eckley, Wilton. â€Å"From Kentucky to Detroit City† (Chapter 5). Harriette Arnow. New York: Twayne, 1974. 85-100. Walsh, Kathleen. â€Å"Free Will and Determinism in Harriette Arnow’s The Dollmaker.† South Atlantic Review 49.4 (1984): 91-106.

Examining The Use Of Unit Linked Insurance Plans Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1748 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? Insurance products have been typically used for indemnification which thereby meant that it was used for risk management. Since the money gets tied up for long, the prospect of using insurance for investments came into existence. To serve this purpose ULIPs were born. ULIPs (Unit Linked insurance plans) are life insurance policies with the added feature of investments. They thus behave like Mutual funds, to some extent, and thus are also traded like mutual funds. Their value is represented in terms of NAV (net asset value). Since these units are tied to an underlying, their value depends on the value of the underlying at any point of time. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Examining The Use Of Unit Linked Insurance Plans Finance Essay" essay for you Create order Just like in mutual fund, a pool of the funds collected through the premiums is created, the charges are reduced from it. The policy has the terms for the required returns and risks. The underlying is decided upon keeping this in mind. These funds are compared and traded in the capital markets. Thus, their performance is a function of the performance of the capital markets. Like in case of equity funds, an investor can diversify his portfolio by investing across a wide range of funds. The risk is, after all, borne by the investor. ULIPs provide the investors the flexibility in choosing their investment style. They can pay a lump sum or making premium payments, be it annual, half yearly or quarterly. They can also the premium amounts during the tenure of the policy. This way, if during the tenure an investor has excess funds he can enhance the value of his investments, and on the flip side, a crunch situation allows him to invest lesser amount. He can also shift his funds across various plans like balanced funds, debt funds etc. the cost of doing so is nominal. Expenses Charged in a ULIP Premium Allocation Charge: A percentage of the payments made by the investor are appropriated towards the initial and renewal expenses. The balance is then transferred for the policy. Mortality Charges: These are charges appropriated for the insurance cover. It depends on the factors like amount of coverage etc. basically the factors are identical to a normal insurance cover. Fund Management Fees: Fees levied for management of the fund and is deducted before arriving at the NAV. Administration Charges: This is the charge for administration of the plan and is levied by cancellation of units. Surrender Charges:Deducted for premature partial or full encashment of units. Fund Switching Charge:Usually a limited number of fund switches are allowed each year without charge, with subsequent switches, subject to a charge. Service Tax Deductions:Service tax is deducted from the risk portion of the premium. This forms the led up to the comparison between a ULIP and a balanced fund. What is a balanced fund? A balanced fund is a mutual fund that invests in equities as well as debt instruments. The purpose of the balanced funds is that it combines best of both worlds. It ensures a fixed and permanent flow of income through the debt investment side and benefits of capital appreciation through the equity investment side. A balanced fund usually invests 40-60% funds in the equities and the remainder in the debt markets. Comparison between balanced fund and ULIP The major benefit of a balanced fund over the ULIP is that it is low cost compared to the ULIP. It has a cap on its capital at 2.5%. ULIP on the hand has a lot of charges accruable to it. The charges have been mentioned above. The utility of ULIPs is high only if u plan to remain invested for 8-10 years. ULIPs have a short history and returns can vary hugely between one scheme and another. In the case of balanced funds, you can choose to take a shorter-term approach, without worrying about the impact of costs. Most of the ULIPs are sold because of the three year lock in period.   This facilitates continuation of life coverage till there is enough fund in your account to cover the mortality charges.   Keep in mind that you may lose some or all of your money if you stop paying regular premium at least for ten years Here is some data on how balanced funds and ULIPs have performed. Balanced Fund The HDFC Prudence Fund and HDFC Balanced Fund have provided robust returns of 16% over the past three years. The Canara Robeco Balance Fund, DSP BlackRock Balanced Fund and the Birla Sun Life 95 Fund have also yielded decent returns of 13% over the past three years. The average expense ratio of these funds is 2.5%. ULIPs HDFC Balanced Managed InvestmentÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¬Life has yielded 11% returns over the past three years. ICICI Prudential Balancer II has yielded 11.75% over this period. Factoring the annual charges associated with these plans, the actual returns are much less. If you want life cover, you should, instead, opt for a pure term insurance policy. But if you are on the lookout for relatively safe and steady returns, you would be better off with a balanced fund rather than a ULIP Ulips are not easy to understand. Not many investors know about extrapolation of returns and can use spreadsheets to see how well their Ulips stack up. Besides, comparing Ulips is almost out of the question, no matter what the agent says. But investors dont seem particularly bothered about these negatives. The person who seeks advice, opinion and second opinion when hes buying a camera, blindly signs any form his agent hands out as long as he hears the magic words good returns . Luckily, the industry and the regulator are concerned about this lack of knowledge, and they are doing what they can to improve investor education. Till a couple of years ago, Ulips were shrouded in mystery; nobody knew how the insurers charged for expenses, how the policies worked or what benefits were offered. Nobody seemed to want to know either. Investors were happy to believe the overzealous agents, who claimed the plans would give at least 30% returns. That led to rampant mis-selling, but investors remained blissfully ignorant. To check mis-selling, The regulator insisted on a 15-day free look period, allowing buyers to return policies that did not suit them. Today, several insurance companies offer this feature for a month. Then IRDA also insisted on the agents providing the investors a policy illustration with a 6% and 10% return, standardising all charges across insurers, and a sales guideline that every agent had to follow. This is a first as no other financial product comes with an industry sales guideline. Despite the IRDA taking steps to educate consumers, theres a lack of knowledge about this product. An online survey on life insurance shows that over 50% of the respondents own a ULIP; most of them, however, had no clue about the amount of life cover they had. The benefits of ULIPs can be presented as: Long term investment plans Insurance and investments combined together With the cap on commission and pricing coming into picture, they become nearly as fair priced as MFs Like warren Buffet said, it is good to start early. The ULIPs help you to start investing early on itself Once you clearly understand the fine print of any ULIP policy, it becomes a useful product for long term investments. The dividend payout tax sometimes discourages policies from paying out dividends. But this does not affect the returns for an investor because the retained amount gets reinvested and ultimately goes to the investor himself The premium ULIP charges for providing insurance cover is considerably lower than what you would have to shell out for taking an independent policy with LIC. For instance, for a target amount of Rs 50,000 in a ten-year plan, assuming that you enter it at 26, ULIP deducts Rs 55 towards annual insurance premium. Whereas the annual premium for a similar fixed-term life cover from LIC would be in the range of Rs 1,000. Drawbacks of ULIP Liquidity: The ULIPs lead to a lack of liquidity since the funds once invested in the fund get locked in for a period of at least 5 years. Withdrawing before this means you would be foregoing the tax benefit attached to the schemes. Some claim that this lock in period is less than PFs, however it is also a much larger period than other schemes. Plus even beyond this, a penalty of 0.5% of the target amount is deducted for early withdrawal after 5 years. To improve this situation, a new policy to allow investors to withdraw after 7 years in a 10 year policy and after 10 years in a 15 year policy. They just need to maintain a minimum balance of rupees 5000. Performance: ULIPs were offering a return of 13% under the previous method of administered pricing. But now with the switch to NAV based system, this becomes irrelevant since it has become a dunction of the unitÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¬ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢s fund management skills and also the debt market conditions. Size: The size of the funds (5000 crores in 2001) becomes a handicap for the fund managers as it impedes the maneuverability of the portfolio. It had invested 46% in equity which amounts to around 2200 crores. This made it the largest equity oriented fund in operation. This made it impossible to indulge in transactions without impacting the price of the stocks. Given the lack of depth in the debt market, the debt portfolio of Rs 2,679 crore, could prove to be even more of a white elephant. Moreover, as of December 2000, around 6 per cent of the NAV was set aside for non-performing assets. Insurance cover: Whats it worth? Several tax saving plans are available in the market. Assuming that they are all at least as efficient as the ULIPs, the only differentiating factor remains is the insurance cover provided by the scheme. Out of the annual payments a small amount is deucted each year for the insurance premium and the remaining is invested into the fund. However, the cover comes with some very restrictive terms. One, it is restricted to the tenure of the plan. Two, you will be eligible only to 50 per cent of the target amount, in the first six months of your entry into the plan. Three, the insurance cover at any given time is equal to the difference between the target amount and the contribution paid. The contribution you paid will be received in the form of units to your credit, which you would be entitled to, in any case. Four, women without an independent source of income are eligible only for a cover of Rs 40,000.